Apr 03

ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) menetapkan standar komunikasi untuk penerbangan (aeronautical communication), disebut ATN (Aeronautical Telecommunication Network) menggunakan komunikasi digital untuk melengkapi komunikasi suara. ICAO ATN menspesifikasi ISO 8473 Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) untuk interkoneksi antara udara ke darat dan subnetwork-subnetwork darat.

Sampai tahun 1980, Navigasi berbasis terminal telah digunakan sebagai titik referensi pada penerbangan. Titik-titik tersebut berlokasi pada darat dan sinyal dikirim oleh Non Directional Beacon (NDB). Jenis radar untuk menempatkan posisi pesawat terbang. Itu memiliki kecepatan sepuluh revolusi tiap menit atau enam detik untuk tiap revolusi. Itu dapat mencapai sampai 500 mil laut. Sayangnya, ini tidak mencukupi dan cukup memuaskan untuk mengatur lalu lintas udara.

Pada 1983, ICAO menugaskan penemuan konsep dan teknologi baru di bidang sistem navigasi udara ke komite khusus FANS (Future Air Navigation System). Konsep yang diusulkan bernama CNS/ATM (Communication Navigation Surveillance / Air Traffic Management) pada 11 Mei 1998 pada Worldwide CNS.ATM Systems Implementation Conference di Rio de Janeiro. ICAO menginstruksikan penggunaan CNS/ATM oleh semua anggota ICAO pada konferensi di Chicago dengan batas waktu tahun 2015.

Sistem CNS/ATM melibatkan sekumpulan teknologi kompleks dan saling terkait yang sangat bergantung pada satelit-satelit. Sistem navigasi lama berbasis bumi diperkenalkan pada 1940. Sistem ini memerlukan ribuan unit kendali lalu lintas, stasiun-stasiun relay berbasis darat dan navigasi radio yang intensif. Pada CNS/ATM, hanya dengan tiga atau empat satelit maka sebagain besar dunia telah dapat dicakup.

Untuk mencapai penerapan CNS/ATM, ICAO membuat standar baru komunikasi penerbangan menggunakan komunikasi digital, yaitu ATN yang merupakan infrastruktur komunikasi internasional yang mengelola transfer data digital di antara pesawat-pesawat dan fasilitas-fasilitas kendali lalu lintas udara sipil.

ATN telah dispesifikasikan untuk menyediakan layanan komunikasi data untuk layanan lalu lintas udara (Air Traffic Services/ATS). Organisasi penyedia beberapa tipe lalu lintas komunikasi :

1. Air Traffic Services Communication (ATSC)

2. Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC)

3. Aeronautical Administrative Communication (AAC)

4. Aeronautical Passenger Communication (APC)

ATN menyediakan standar komunikasi antara perusahaan penerbangan dan unit-unit ATS. Hubungan ini mencakup komunikasi darat ke darat dan udara ke darat. Aplikasi ATN dan ATM menawarkan beberapa keuntungan diatas sistem komunikasi suara konvesional.

ATN direkomendasikan untuk diimplementasi setiap Negara. Jumlah kecukupan ATN dibutuhkan untuk meliputi semua wilayah negara. Pada kenyataannya masih terdapat beberapa negara yang belum memenuhi peraturan ini. Indonesia merupakan salah satunya. Sekarang ini, Indonesia hanya menerapkan dua ATN, di Jakarta dan Makassar. Daerah-daerah lain masih menggunakan Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN) yang berdasar komunikasi suara.

Jan 19

http://ramallahonline.com

Ramallah, 05-01-09: Mustafa Barghouthi, the Secretary General of the Palestinian National Initiative, called this morning on the international press for an un-biased media coverage on the recent attacks on the Gaza Strip that have killed more than 545 Palestinians in a week.

Today, holidays are over, “and the international press has now to look behind the ‘Israeli truth’ presented on the mainstream media, and the constant Israeli discourse claiming for self-defence and the un-intentional killing of civilians”, he said.

“It is needed to highlight the deep causes of the massacres and the media they are going to face a choice of whether or not to accept the story that Israel has repeated over and over again”, Dr. Barghouthi emphasized, presenting some counter arguments to challenge the Israeli narratives:

1. ‘Israel left the Gaza Strip in 2005 ’. The occupation of the Strip has not only remained after 2005, it has intensified. Though there were no longer settlers and soldiers on the ground, Israel controlled the borders, the airspace and the waterways of the Strip and has laid a heavy siege to Gaza for nearly two years. Now Israel is bringing back full-ground occupation of Gaza.

2. ‘Palestinians are responsible for the Cease Fire’s Failure’. Israel has not respected the terms of the cease-fire from the very beginning: The siege of the Gaza Strip was never lifted, and the region remained a humanitarian catastrophe throughout the entirety of the cease-fire. During the last year of Annapolis and the truce, Israelis killed 546 people, of which 76 children and 2/3 in Gaza.

3. ‘You cannot compare Israeli violence to Palestinian violence’ . This assertion is true, but not in the way that Israeli spokespeople try to spin it. They are already more than 545 dead and 2,650 injured, of which among 40% of civilians. In this same period, 5 Israelis have died, and over a dozen have been injured. Before the Israeli latest attacks on Gaza, no single Israeli was killed by the missiles.

4. ‘We are targeting Hamas, civilians are their fault’ . For over a week, Israelis have strafed the Gaza Strip in over 500 unhindered missions with thousands of tons of explosives. They have fired upon Gaza by sea and now have moved soldiers into the most densely populated region of the world. They claim to ‘warn’ Palestinians by dropping leaflets from airplanes but fail to mention that there is no place to flee the fighting. There are 7,000 people/ square mile. Israeli calls the dead of children “collateral damage”.

5. ‘There is no humanitarian crisis in Gaza’. Though this has been repeated by Israeli spokespeople, they have yet to produce a single credible organization who agrees on the assumption. Dozens of Human Rights and Humanitarian Aid organizations have asserted the fact there was a crisis prior to the attack, and since is better defined a humanitarian catastrophe.

6. ‘Every country would act the same way’ . Countries would indeed protect its civilians from attack; and many may use the same overwhelming force. However, no other country is responsible for brutally occupying another against international law for over four decades. The cause of all violence is occupation.

Israel says it want to stop missiles but still, they refused talks for a renewed cease-fire and are rather expanding full military occupation.

For a week now, attacks have increased without any serious intervention the international community, and despite the millions of citizens around the world who gathered in solidarity with the Gazans, calling on their governments to act. On the day of the visit of Nicolas Sarkozy in the Region, and on the edge of the new Czech Presidency of the EU, Mustafa Barghouthi calls on the International community governments to take actions now. “ It is now time to end the massacre, time for Israel to stop its aggression on Palestinian civilians, and time for the International Community to take its responsibilities and condemn the Israeli bloodbath and impose a ceasefire,” said Dr. Mustafa Barghouthi.

Jan 15

taken from this site:http://michaelheart.com/Song_for_Gaza
this beautiful song dedicated to all Palestinians Suffered in Gaza.
Free Gaza Now!!

Dec 20

Dimulai dari iseng-iseng komentarin status YM! temen-temen.. terus pas liat statusnya mas ini, it says “Listening to Father and Son - Ronan Keating feat. Yusuf Islam” hmm.. Ronan Keatingnya si kenal, tp Yusuf Islam? siapa tuh? (hahaha i know, some (or most?) of you guys will said:”Gak tau Yusuf Islam?? Kemana aja lo???”) jadi langsung lah saya tanya -tanya.. dapet link download, dengerin, and somehow ended up di Youtube. Sebagaimana anda ketahui, di youtube selalu tersedia yang namanya “related videos” dan menemukan video dokumenter beliau (Cat Stevens/ Yusuf Islam).. hoho.. baru tau saya.. dan langsung nge-fans.. :D keren.. ini salah satu video jadulnya.. (bukan di youtube tapi :D)

kalau yang ini video yan diambil belakangan ini..

Great song.. :D

Nov 25

this is the first post in my new blog..

enjoy my new blog :D